- Mongolia SAIJIKI -

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MONGOLIA SAIJIKI

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Mongolia
is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia.
..... The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the Gökturks and others. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. After the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols returned to their earlier pattern of constant internal conflict and occasional raids on the Chinese borderlands.
..... The geography of Mongolia is varied, with the Gobi Desert to the south and with cold and mountainous regions to the north and west. Much of Mongolia consists of steppes.

..... Most of the country is hot in the summer and extremely cold in the winter, with January averages dropping as low as −30 °C.
Mongolia is high, cold, and windy. It has an extreme continental climate with long, cold winters and short summers, during which most of its annual precipitation falls.



The name "Gobi" is a Mongol term for a desert steppe,
which usually refers to a category of arid rangeland with insufficient vegetation to support marmots but with enough to support camels. Mongols distinguish Gobi from desert proper, although the distinction is not always apparent to outsiders unfamiliar with the Mongolian landscape. Gobi rangelands are fragile and are easily destroyed by overgrazing, which results in expansion of the true desert, a stony waste where not even Bactrian camels can survive.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Years in the Mongolian calendar are designated by two terms,
an element or colour and an animal.

. The Lunar Mongolian Calendar .


Mongolian Dictionary
source : Bolor Toli Com


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. . . . . K I G O . . . . .


. Birds of Spring . 　　


. Cherry blossoms бүйлс .
and Khamar monastery


. Dew, dewdrops .


. Edelweiss Цагаан уул цэцэг .



Globe-flowers, genus Trollius

. Golden Eagle Festival .
October 2-3. Ulgii, Bayan Ulgii province


. Hay, haystack, haycock .

. Hoarfrost, hoar frost хяруу .


. Jingisu kan nabe ジンギスカン鍋 Genghis Khan hot pot . Japan
成吉思汗鍋 (じんぎすかんなべ)
"Genghis Khan Stew"


. Ladybug .
"golden camel" in Mongolian


. Naadam festival- "the three games of men" .


. School year begins .
September 1


THOUSAND CAMEL FESTIVAL
March 2-4



. White Moon - Tsagaan Sar .
WHITE MONTH - Traditional Mongolian Lunar New Year


. zud, dzud (зуд) snowy cold winter .

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. Animals of Mongolia .
with more potential KIGO


. Flowers of Mongolia .
with more potential KIGO



source : tours/mongolia

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. . . . . HAIKU TOPICS


. Antelope, Saiga antelope .


. Beggar .

. Blue Moon .

. boot bells for babies .



. Camel, Mongolian camel .


. dung of animals .


. Eight Horses of Happiness .


. Feather, feathers .

. Felt Fox to protect a baby .


. Genghis Khan . 1162 - 1227
The Legend of Yoshitsune
Could Genghis Khan have actually been
a Japanese samurai who went to Mongolia?



. Gobi desert steppe .
- - - . Gobi 黄砂　- yellow sand in Japan .


. Harumafuji Kohei 日馬富士 公平 .
Davaanyamyn Byambadorj Даваанямын Бямбадорж


. Homi, Hömi, Homie, Khöömei - throat singing .


. Karma .

Kumis, kumiss or koumiss - fermented mare's milk


. Lama Bird - mandarin duck .

. Light Offerings . 　

. Lily, lilies .



. Magpie .

. Mongolian Milk Tea .

. Mongolian Ship from 13th century .

. Morin khuur horse-headed fiddle .


. shagai - ankle bones/ nuckle bones .

. Squirrel .

. Steppe, Mongolian-Manchurian steppe .


takhi - wild horse, Przewalski's horse
foals birth is kigo for spring - and horses in general

. Tsetserleg city .

. Tumbleweed, tumbleweeds .

. Turtle and Dragon . 　　


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Topics mentioned in "Beyond the Limits"
(external LINKS)

autumn

crane - summer

deel - traditional clothing

fox

Khustai mountain

leek, wild leek

monastery
moon

Naadam festival

rainbow
river

sheperd
snow
snow peak
star, stars

water barrow


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. . . . . Haiku Poets


. Poets from Mongolia .


. Nadalsuren Purevdorj .
and the Mongolian poetry group
"Beyond the Limits" with Tuvshinzaya Nergui



. Zaya Nerugi .
facebook


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Literature
The oldest completely passed down work of Mongolian literature is probably also the most well-known abroad: The Secret History of the Mongols. It does, however, contain passages of older poetry.
..... Already at the time of the Mongol empire, samples of Buddhist and Indian literature became known in Mongolia.

Culture of Mongolia
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Mongol Poetry, Mongolian Poetry
- Reference -






Mongolian Buddhist Art
Masterpieces from the Museums of Mongolia
- Reference -

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Haits is one of short form poetry in Mongolia similar with Japanese haiku.
It has 3 lines. For haits the form is not important. No kigo, no 5 7 5 syllables.
Most important rule of haits is author's feeling and sensation specialty and its philosophic quality. Haits should reflect the human philosophic aspects, combining author's soul and affliction.
Otherwise it is the complex of philosophic aspect and feeling. It is the search to find himself from the inside conscience
Mongolian youths have a desire to feel free like our large steppe. So they have independent concepts. It is maybe because of our traditional nomadic life.
So, Mongolian people like much this kind of poetry.

Clouds, Mountains, Leaves...
Under my tiptoes
Oh, I become God ere-while

A. Sodkhuu
source : tsagaanharaatsai.blog.banjig.net


Mongolian Poetry called :
. The Universe Triples .


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Mongolian script-
ripples of the large river
in moonlight

Zaya Nergui


Mongolian script
also known as Uyghurjin Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language . . .
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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quote
Seven Haiku for a Mongolian Master
Under the general editorship of the eminent Mongolian poet G. Mend-Oyoo, an important dual-language anthology of American poetry has appeared in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolian Academy of Culture and Poetry).
...
Mend-Ooyo's own name tranlates roughly as "Man of the Secret Code," and a woman we met is "Lucky Violet." When I wrote seven haiku for Mend-Ooyo, I incorporated some of these details and other examples of how in the Mongolian imagination images substitute for abstractions. Marriage, for example, means "linked pillows" in Mongolian.

Lunch on the silver
edge of the wide bridal sky
in Mongolia.

. . .

Evening's first star wears
her seven jewels and shines
in Mongolia.

by David Lehman
source : blog.bestamericanpoetry.com


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Things found on the way

Vanished Kingdoms:
The Wulsin Photographs of Tibet, China, And Mongolia, 1921 – 1925



source : www.burkemuseum.org


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The Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts
features Mongolian art from prehistory through the early twentieth century. The present museum building, located in central Ulaanbaatar, was constructed in 1905 by a Russian merchant. At various times in its history, the building served as a Chinese bank, a Russian Red Army soldier's office, and a department store. The building was inaugurated as the Museum of Fine Arts in 1966.
Khudaldaany Street, Barilgachdiin Square
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
source : www.mongolia-web.com



Collection of Zanabazar Museum of Fine Arts


Yeshe Dorje (Zanabazar)

Look at many paintings here :
source : www.himalayanart.org


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A True Story from China

Travelling by Air in China to the desert oasis of Dun Huang, each passenger got a small folding fan made from sandalwood, with a lovely smell, upon entering the aircraft. "What a nice present" I thought and packed it in my bag. I should have known better after traveling extensively in Asia ...

Soon after takeoff it became quite hot inside the aircraft, after all the Gobi Desert was below our eyes, a breathtaking sight, but that is a different story.
The stewardess anounced: "Our airconditioning is out of order, so please use the hand fan we provided for you to keep comfortable."

I still keep this little one (or rather two, my husband got one of course) to tell the story of non-electric happiness. And it did not loose its nice smell even after more than 20 years.

. Gabi Greve , 2004 - Handfans .





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HAIKU

Ella Wagemakers travelling -

Gobi sands
in the air, wild eagles
and Mongolian radio

**17 July near Bayan Zag, Mongolia


through the Gobi
faster than our jeep
summer rainclouds

*17 July, 2012, between Erdenedalay en Bayan Zag, Mongolia


the summer grass flat
where we lay together
Mongolian sky

*25 July, 2012, just outside Tsetserleg

Tsetserleg (Mongolian: Цэцэрлэг, garden)
is the capital of Arkhangai Aimag (province) in Mongolia.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Rain drops
On the window
Is my yesterday.

In a gentle wind
Grasses are dancing
Autumn evening!

B. Burenbileg


Searching the pearl
From the ground of extinct sea
I found its spirit.

A. Sodkhuu


The frozen mind
Forgot your name
One autumn later

G. Darinyam

source : tsagaanharaatsai.blog



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Related words

***** . WKD : Yellow sand 　黄砂 (こうさ) koosa .
from the Gobi desert, blowing over to Japan
mookoo kaze 蒙古風（もうこかぜ）Mongolian wind
kosa aru 胡沙荒る（こさある） yellow sand is wild






wheat
golden on the gobi steppe
sun ferments

Nadalsuren Purevdorj

- Shared by Zaya Nergui -
Joys of Japan, 2012


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The Nature of Feeling: Haiku from Mongolia
(English Edition) [Kindle]



Ed Bremson (編集), Tuvshinzaya Nergui (翻訳)

Seven poets from the Mongolian group "Beyond the Limits" have contributed about 250 haiku to this collection. This is no ordinary haiku or poetry collection.
Do you know much about Mongolian culture? This is an opportunity to become more knowledgeable of their poetry and culture and thought. Also it is just a chance to enjoy some remarkable haiku. Mongolian poets, it seems, want to make a mark on the world of haiku.
With this collection, I think we can agree that they have.

- source : www.amazon.co.jp

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- - MONGOLIA SAIJIKI - -


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Eight Horses

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Eight Horses of Happiness

2014 is the year of the Horse in Asia.

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation



source :　www.shop-e-mongol.com/en

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- quote
8 HORSES OF HAPPINESS.
Actually 8 horses symbolized luck and happiness in Feng Shui in China.


Mongolian artists brought wider meaning expressing horses in different attitude and motion as they have lifestyle tightly related with horsemanship.
So each horse symbolizing certain meaning like freedom, friendship etc.
- source : gansukh-nomadartist.blogspot.jp


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- quote
The Eight Horses of Wang Mu
The eight horses of King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty was a popular theme for porcelain decorations from the Transitional into the Yongzheng period (1723-35). The story originates from a historical romance, the Mu tianzhi zhuan (An Account of Emperor Mu), which describes the journeys of the fifth emperor of the Zhou dynasty (1023-983 BC) during which he met Xi Wangmu - the Queen Mother of the West - at Yaozhi (the Jade Pond).

The story is about King (Wang) Mu, who dreamed of being an immortal God. He was determined to visit the heavenly paradise and taste the peaches of immortality. A brave charioteer named Zaofu used his chariot to carry the king to his destination.

During these travels the emperor's chariot was pulled by eight horses named after the color of their hair. Another account, the forth century book, the Shiyiji (Researches into Lost Records) has it that the horses' names reflected their unusual talents;

Number 1 gallops without touching the ground;
Number 2 runs faster than birds;
Number 3 goes especially fast at night;
Number 4 goes as fast as the shadow of the sun;
Number 5 is especially well-groomed with a splendid mane;
Number 6 runs so fast that one can see a row of ten images of him;
Number 7 rides on a cloud;
Number 8 has wings."

The The Eight Horses of Wang Mu became a popular subject among later poets and artists and a symbol for the vehicle or journeys of any emperor.
- source : gotheborg.com/glossary


CLICK for more images !


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HAIKU

through the years
eight horses of happiness
coming

There is the symbol "Eight horse of happiness" and we respect it.



- Shared by Zaya Nergui -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013



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Related words

*****  takhi - wild horse, Przewalski's horse
foals birth is kigo for spring - and horses in general 


***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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zud snowy winter

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zud dzud (зуд) snowy winter

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Winter
***** Category: Season

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Explanation

a Mongolian term for an extremely snowy winter in which livestock are unable to find foodstuff through the snow cover, and large numbers of animals die due to starvation and the cold. The term is also used for other meteorological conditions, especially in winter, that make livestock grazing impossible.

Locals differentiate between black, white, cold, and iron/ice zuds.
The black zud (har zud) consists of a lack of snowfall combined with freezing temperatures, which causes drought. The white zud (tsagaan zud) is caused by very heavy snow fall, which makes it impossible for the livestock to feed on the otherwise accessible frozen grass, causing famine. The cold zud (khuiten zud) occurs when the temperature gets extremely low for consecutive days, so that animals must conserve body temperature instead of grazing freely. The iron zud (temur zud) is brought about by rain which freezes and covers the land in ice hindering the animals from feeding on grass or herbs. Some also refer to a storm zud (shuurgan zud), in which snowstorms of high winds and drifts are dangerous for herds.



The economy of Mongolia has long been heavily dependent on pastoral farming, and harsh zuds can cause economic crises and food security issues in the country.

It is not uncommon for zuds to kill over 1 million head of livestock in a winter. The 1944 record of almost 7 million head of livestock lost was shattered in the 21st century. Of note, the arctic oscillation in both 1944-45 and in 2010 was pushed much deeper into Central Asia bringing prolonged extreme cold weather. In 1999/2000, 2000/2001 and 2001/2002, Mongolia was hit by three zuds in a row, in which a combined number of 11 million animals were lost.

In winter 2009-2010 80% of the country's territory was covered with a snow blanket of 200-600mm.In the Uvs aimag, extreme cold (night temperature of −48°C / -54°F) remained for almost 50 days. 9,000 families lost their entire herds while a further 33,000 suffered 50% loss.

The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry reported 2,127,393 head of livestock were lost as of February 9, 2010 (188,270 horse, cattle, camel and 1,939,123 goat and sheep). The agriculture ministry predicted that livestock losses might reach 4 million before the end of winter. But by May 2010, the United Nations reported that eight million, or about 17% of the country's entire livestock, had died.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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HAIKU

winter solstice...
sun of a dzud year
rises brightly

- Shared by Zaya Nergui -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013



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Related words

***** . WKD : The Season of Winter .


***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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dung of animals

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dung of animals

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Animal

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Explanation

Herders in the countryside make fire by dung still now. Dung fire is very gentle and suitable for diary processing.
Smoke of a dung fire has a nice smell.
Basket is for collecting animals' dung.


- shared by Zaya Nargui


Dry animal dung is used as a fuel in many countries around the world.
Komaya - cow dung fuel in India
Tibetan people also use dry Yak and sheep dung fuel.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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. Bird droppings (tori no fun 糞) .

. Pissing (shooben 小便) .


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Things found on the way


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HAIKU



mother with a basket
glimpses in the mirage -
tranquility

- Shared by Darinyam Geser -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013



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***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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shagai ankle bones

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shagai ankle bones/ nuckle bones

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Shagai (Mongolian: шагай), chükö (Kyrgyz: чүкө ), asyk/ashyk/oshuq (Kazakh: асық ; Turkish: aşık; Tajik: ошуқ)
refers to the astragalus of the ankle of a sheep or goat. The bones are collected and used for traditional games and fortune-telling throughout Central Asia, and games involving the ankle bones may also be referred to by the name of the bones. They may be painted bright colours. Such bones have been used throughout history, and are thought to be the first forms of dice.[citation needed] In English language sources, shagai may be referred to as "ankle bones", and playing with shagai is sometimes called ankle bone shooting.

Shagai games are especially popular during the Mongolian summer holiday of Naadam. In shagai dice, the rolled shagai generally land on one of four sides: horse, camel, sheep or goat. A fifth side, cow, is possible on uneven ground.

Mongolians still exchange shagai today as tokens of friendship. The shagai may be kept in a little pouch.

In addition, Mongolians (usually male) also collect wolf shagai (in this case the calcaneus rather than the astragalus), which are viewed as good-luck tokens, presumably due to the bone's superficial resemblance to the male genitalia.

A large variety of traditional Mongolian games are played using the shagai pieces. Depending on the game, the anklebones may be tossed like dice, flicked like marbles, shot at with arrows, caught in the hands, or simply collected according to the roll of a die. In many games, the side on which a tossed piece lands (horse, sheep, camel, or goat) is significant.

For one of the most popular games, there are even public tournaments held, most commonly played during the traditional Naadam festival. In this game, pieces are flicked with the middle finger of one hand, along a wooden board (khashlaga = fence rail) held in the other hand. The goal is to hit a target piece over a distance of about 10 m.

Possible shagai positions: Camel, Horse, Sheep, Goat



- - - - - Some other common games are:

Horse race
A very common game, usually played with two, but also with more players. Each player flicks one piece (his "horse") in turn along a sequence of stationary pieces representing the race course.
Birthing camels
On each turn, a player tosses all the pieces to the ground. The goal is then to use the "sheep" pieces to knock the "camel" pieces also into sheep position.
Cat's game
A number of "sheep" (or "goats") are lined up two-by-two. The player then throws another object (often a piece of chain) up into the air and catches it again. In the short time while the object is floating, the task is to pick up one pice with the same hand, but not to disturb the others.
Full toss
Each of two to four players in turn tosses all the pieces. depending on the number of horses and/or camels landed, the player can collect pieces from the pool, or has to add some. Winner is the player who has collected the most once the pool is empty.
Open catch
Using ten or more pieces, each player in turn places all of them in one hand and tosses them up into the air. Then he tries to catch as many as possible with the back of the same hand. The caught pieces are tossed up again, and as many as possible caught in a fist this time. The caught ones are collected by the player. Winner is who has collected the most pieces once the pool is empty.
Twelve years
Two players in turn toss two pieces like dice for twelve rounds (corresponding to the twelve-year cycle of the traditional calendar), counting a point for each horse landed. If no player reaches 12 points, the game restarts, otherwise the higher score wins.

Tossing three shagai
Any number of players take turns tossing three pieces like dice. Three pieces landing on the same side score two points, two sames give one point. Winner is who first reaches a predetermined number of points.
The four shagai
Players take turns tossing four pieces. All four landing on different sides scores eight points, four sames give four points, and two pairs give two points. If a player manages to grab all pieces of a four sames throw (by any player), they also get the score of that throw. Winner is who first gets ahead of all others by a predetermined margin.
Four animals
The pieces are divided into four groups, representing herds of different animals as of which side is turned upwards. Players take turns tossing one extra piece like a dice, collecting one from the herd of the type thrown, or putting one back if the respective herd is empty. Once all four herds are depleted, the player who has collected the most pieces wins.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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HAIKU



Mongolians say that if people argue and offend each other, there is ice in their heart.

knuckle bones
melt ice in friend's heart
and gratify...

Mongolian children play with "shagai" - knuckle bones and there are many traditional games, playing with shagai. It’s sheep and goat ankle bone.



- Shared by Burenbileg Batsuuri -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013



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***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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Felt Fox Mongolia

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Felt Fox

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation


Photo by Gegeen Yertunts

Mongolian people hang a felt fox above a little baby to sleep well. There is a legend that the fox cheats baby when he/she sleeps. If there is a fox, made by felt above the baby, the real fox cannot cheat baby and baby sleeps well.

Zaya Nargui

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“Dreams of Foxes”



At the bottom of each hanging string is an image of a fox fashioned from felt. This is based on the Mongolian belief that if you hang an image of a fox over a baby’s crib the baby will not have bad dreams.
source : www.doncronerblog.com

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quote
Families in Mongolia don’t prepare for a baby’s arrival by buying clothes, toys or other necessities or even selecting a name. They feel to do so is premature and could result in bad luck, so there’s a flurry of activity once the baby is born.
Once the baby is born families regularly hang a grey felt fox on a string above the baby’s head when they sleep.
The fox is said to protect the baby from bad dreams and stops them crying at night. Mongolians believe a fox comes to the dreams of new born babies and takes the mother away, which makes the baby cry.
source : blog.worldvision.com.au - Tamara Blackmore


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. Fox Daruma, Kitsune Daruma　狐だるま　狐達磨 .


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HAIKU

sleeping
baby looks so very cute
under the felt fox

- Shared by A. Sodkhuu -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013



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Related words

***** . Fox (kitsune) and Kigo .

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boot bells for babies



Mongolians hang 2 little bells in boots of toddlers. It's to know where the baby is.

baby's boot bell
lost in the spring quarter
rings in my dream . . .

Ido Nyamsuren

The spring quarter is a place where the herders spent a few weeks before moving on.


sun flounces-
on the boots' bells
of my son

Nadala Purevdorj


- Shared - Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013 -




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***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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White Moon

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White Moon Tsagaan Sar

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: New Year
***** Category: Observance

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Explanation

Mongolian Lunar New Year, commonly known as Tsagaan Sar
(Mongolian: Цагаан сар; or literally White Moon)
is the first day of the year according to the Mongolian lunar calendar. The festival of the lunar New Year is celebrated by the Mongols. The White Moon festival is celebrated one months after the first new moon following the winter solstice. Tsagaan Sar is one of the most important Mongolian holidays.

Around the New Year families burn candles at the altar symbolizing enlightenment. Also people greet each other with holiday-specific greetings such as Амар байна уу? (Amar baina uu?), meaning "Is there peace?"
Mongols also visit friends and family on this day and exchange gifts. A typical Mongol family will meet in the home dwelling of the eldest in the family.[3] Many people will be dressed in full garment of national Mongol costumes. When greeting their elders during the White Moon festival, Mongols perform the zolgokh greeting, grasping them by their elbows to show support for them. The eldest receives greetings from each member of the family except for his/her spouse. During the greeting ceremony, family members hold long, typically blue, silk cloths called a khadag. After the ceremony, the extended family eats sheep's tail, mutton, rice with curds, dairy products, and buuz. It is also typical to drink airag and exchange gifts.

The day before Tsagaan Sar is called Bituun, the name of the lunar phase of a new or dark moon. The lunar phases are Bituun (dark moon), Shined (new crescent moon), Tergel (full moon), and Huuchid (waxing moon). On the Bituun day, people thoroughly clean around home, herders also clean the livestock barns and shades, to meet the New Year fresh. The Bituun ceremony also includes burning candles to symbolize enlightenment of the samsara and all sentient beings and putting 3 pieces of ice at the doorway so that the horse of the deity Palden Lhamo could drink as the deity is believed to visit every household on this day. In the evening, families gather together--immediate family usually,[3] in contrast to the large feast gatherings of White Moon day--and see out the old year eating dairy products and buuz. Traditionally, Mongolians settle all issues and repay all debts from the old year by this day.




Traditional food for the festival includes dairy products, rice with curds (tsagaa-цагаа) or rice with raisin (berees-бэрээс), a pyramid of traditional cookies erected on a large dish in a special fashion symbolising Mount Sumeru or Shambhala realm, a grilled side of sheep and minced beef or minced mutton steamed inside pastry, a dish known as buuz, horse meat and traditional cookies.
Tsagaan Sar is a lavish feast, requiring preparation days in advance, as the women make large quantities of buuz and freeze them to save for the holiday.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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The New Year in Japanese Haiku lasts from January 1 to 15.

Shoogatsu 正月　used to co-incide with the first month of spring in the old lunar calendar, from the new moon to the full moon on the 15.
Therefore it was also the first month of spring in the old system.

Many kigo of this "early spring / new year / January as late winter" time bracket need to be checked carefully.

When the new saijiki were compiled according to the solar calendar, a fifth season, the NEW YEAR was introduced to avoid these complications. Many of the preparations for the New Year, done in December, are also problematic with respect to the season.

. New Year - Saijiki .


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White moon's (Tsagaan sar) eve night
is an only one night of a year that the moon is not seen in the sky.
Mongolians celebrate White Moon Eve in the evening. Tomorrow (February 11) the first day of the year and first day of spring. We greet elders and celebrate this day widely.





White Moon eve...
the brightest moon rises
in my soul






White Moon morning...
a horseman welcomes
the rising sun








White Moon ...
my son with a new deel
is very obedient

- Shared by Zaya Nergui -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013


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herders's day
in Mongolia - meeting
the white moon

Vessislava Savova


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***** . New Year - Saijiki .


***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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Tsetserleg city

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Tsetserleg city

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

Tsetserleg (Mongolian: Цэцэрлэг, garden)
is the capital of Arkhangai Aimag (province) in Mongolia. It lies on the northeastern slopes of the Khangai Mountains, 360 miles (600 km) southwest of Ulaanbaatar. It has a population of 16,553 (2000 census, with Erdenebulgan sum rural territories population was 18,519), 16,618 (2003 est.), 16,300 (2006 est.).

Tsetserleg is geographically located in the Bulgan sum in the south of the aimag. It is not to be confused with Tsetserleg sum in the north. In 1992 Tsetserleg was designated as Erdenebulgan sum, which has area of 536 km².



Tsetserleg is an ancient cultural and commercial centre.
It was once the seat of a monastery, built by the First Khalkh Zaya Pandita, Luvsanperenlei (1642–1715) (who should not be confused with Zaya Pandita Namkhaijantsan (1599–1662)). This consisted of the main Guden Süm, the Right, or Summer Semchin Temple, and the Left, or Winter Semchin Temple, all built in the early 1680s. The sixth Zaya Pandita, Jambatseren, was killed by the Communists in 1932, and the main Guden temple was turned into a museum. There is a seventh Zaya Pandita, but he mostly lives in Ulan Bator, and visits only occasionally.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



Bulgan (Mongolian: Булган)
is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in northern Mongolia. Its capital is also named Bulgan.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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quote
Taikhar Region
This region has Bulgan (a mountain), Zayiin khuree (a castle),
folk museums, Maidar chuluu (a rock), Tsenkheriin khaluun us, Taikhar chuluu(a rock), Suvarga khairkhan (a mountain), Khukh nuur (a lake), Urd khoid tamiriin gol and Bugatiin nuruu (Mountains).
source : www.neargov.org



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Photo by Tseepil


human desire
lighten the darkness-
all these candles

candles
lighten the darkness-
bright wishes

- Shared by Zaya Nergui -
Haiku Culture Magazine, 2013

Bulgan mountain is in Tsetserleg city, Mongolia where I live.
In 15th of each month by lunar calendar, people make candles on this mountain. Also, there is Buddha' s statue.
Tsetserleg city was a big center of Buddhist religion named Zayiin khuree.


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***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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Morin khuur instrument

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Morin khuur horse-headed fiddle

***** Location: Mongolia
***** Season: Topic
***** Category: Humanity

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Explanation

The morin khuur (Mongolian: морин хуур)
is a traditional Mongolian bowed stringed instrument. It is one of the most important musical instruments of the Mongol people, and is considered a symbol of the Mongolian nation. The morin khuur is one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity identified by UNESCO. It produces a sound which is poetically described as expansive and unrestrained, like a wild horse neighing, or like a breeze in the grasslands.




The full Classical Mongolian name for the morin khuur is morin-u toloγai tai quγur, , (which in modern Khalkh cyrillic is Морин толгойтой хуур) meaning fiddle with a horse's head. Usually it is abbreviated as "Морин Хуур", Latin transcription "Morin huur". In western Mongolia it is known as ikil (Mongolian: икил—not to be confused with the similar Tuvan igil)—while in eastern Mongolia it is known as shoor (Mongolian: Шоор).
It is known in Chinese as matouqin (馬頭琴 or simplified 马头琴}), batookin in Japan 馬頭琴.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !



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. The Japanese Koto 琴 .


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HAIKU

through the open window
the morin kuur’s melody is faint-
snow in the forecast

Tavanbayar Lkhagvaa


Listen to it here:
source : www.youtube.com


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***** . Music and Haiku .


***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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The Universe Triples

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"The Universe Triples"

THE RELATION OF "THE UNIVERSE TRIPLES",
PHILOSOPHIC POETRY, WITH THE NATURE

Writer, laureate of the Union of Mongolian writers.
Ts. Tumenbayar

source : tstumenbayar.blogspot.jp

One of the major genres of Mongolian folklores is the triple lined poems called "The Universe Triples", based on the harmony between human being, nature and way of living with a sense of philosophy.

The scholars who had studied "The Universe Triples" noted that this is one of a kind, unique type of poetry.

The Japanese also have a kind of triple line poems called "Haiku". However, the "Haiku" and "The Universe Triples", Mongolian traditional folklore, are totally different.

The Mongolians live in the heart of Asia; have 4 seasons with very extreme climate, plus 40 degrees Celsius in summer, minus 40 degrees in winter. For millenniums we have observed our environment, accumulated rich intellectual wealth and worship the nature. Thus we, Mongolians, are experienced to live in harmony with the nature.

Based on our experiences, sharp eyes and intellectuality the dependence and relationship of matters have been observed and practiced in our everyday life. Such as: in nomadic culture the herdsmen forecast weather by observing the sun, moon, stars, movement of clouds, winds and other natural phenomenon. Therefore, it is obvious that such a great poetry, "The Universe Triples", had been created.

I strongly believe that there is no other country in the world which has such a distinct poetry as "The Universe Triples". It perfectly illustrates the reality along with the delusion, while comparing human soul and way of living with phenomenon of nature and bringing out their similarities. Therefore it stays in ones mind forever.


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source
http://tstumenbayar.blogspot.jp/2012/02/relation-of-universe-triples.html


One of the major genres of Mongolian folklores is the triple lined poems called "The Universe Triples", based on the harmony between human being, nature and way of living with a sense of philosophy.

The scholars who had studied "The Universe Triples" noted that this is one of a kind, unique type of poetry.

The Japanese also have a kind of triple line poems called "Haiku". However, the "Haiku" and "The Universe Triples", Mongolian traditional folklore, are totally different.

The Mongolians live in the heart of Asia; have 4 seasons with very extreme climate, plus 40 degrees Celsius in summer, minus 40 degrees in winter. For millenniums we have observed our environment, accumulated rich intellectual wealth and worship the nature. Thus we, Mongolians, are experienced to live in harmony with the nature.
Based on our experiences, sharp eyes and intellectuality the dependence and relationship of matters have been observed and practiced in our everyday life. Such as: in nomadic culture the herdsmen forecast weather by observing the sun, moon, stars, movement of clouds, winds and other natural phenomenon. Therefore, it is obvious that such a great poetry, "The Universe Triples", had been created.
I strongly believe that there is no other country in the world which has such a distinct poetry as "The Universe Triples". It perfectly illustrates the reality along with the delusion, while comparing human soul and way of living with phenomenon of nature and bringing out their similarities. Therefore it stays in ones mind forever.

For Example:
in "The Universe Triples of layers"
The sky has layers of clouds
The earth has layers of grass
The ocean has layers of icy

If only look at the number, within Mongolians the number 3 has meaning of "Power" and used to call it "Kuchu". In many countries depending on their traditions and religions they have different numbers that they worship or do not like. No different from that we, Mongolians, regard the number 3 and 9 as symbol of goodness. There are number of literature works, folklore, puzzles and myths that are illustrate under the 3 and　believed to bring the good. Moreover, this respect for the 3 expands to the 9, 27, and 81 and had been used in many different traditional rituals and ceremonies and it has direct connection to an understanding of the Three Universe.
The combination of events, matters and natural phenomenon mentioned in the
Universe Triples are incomparable saying.

For example:
"The Universe Triples of Rich"
The Sky is rich with Stars
The Sea is rich with water
The Earth is rich with roots

"The Universe Triples of Light"
Water is light when pour
Feather is light when fly
Grass is light when pick it up


" The universe triples of cold"
The eagle born in the mountain isn't cold
The fish born in the river isn't cold
The uigur born in the hut isn't cold


" The universe triples of green"
The fern is green while the cliff is black
The bile is green while the liver is black
The algae is green while the water is black

and etc.


It is very much impossible to find such comparison to replace the above mentioned and the rest of The Universe Triples.

The Universe Triples reflects and connects human mind and the nature, three periods of birth, life and death of human being and three conditions of existence; furthermore it has great deal of importance for knowledge. Moreover, Mongolians created one of the greatest poetry, The Universe Triples, which explains natural evolutions along with reality in connection with human life and it should be considered as unique heritage for the mind of humankind.

Therefore, I am sure that further research and study on Mongolian folklore such as The Universe Triples Will become a huge contribution to not only to Mongolian poetry but also humanity.
2006. Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia



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***** MONGOLIA SAIJIKI


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- Mongolian Calendar

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Mongolian Calendar


quote
source : Olli Salmi

Years in the Mongolian calendar are designated by two terms, an element or colour (usually not both) and an animal. It is very easy to find these for a given Gregorian year.

1. To get the number of the element or colour subtract 3 from the year (AD) and take the last digit and find the element in the table. Odd numbers are male and even numbers female. Mongolian has a different form for the colour of female animals.
2. Next divide the same number by 12. The remainder is the number of the animal. (0=12=pig). This is easy to calculate mentally but you can deduce the remainder from the decimal part on your calculator. Add 1 to the first decimal up to .50, add 2 if its more, from .58 upwards.

Let's check the year 1192. Subtract 3 and you get 1189. The last digit is 9, so the year is black/water, male. When you divide 1189 by 12 you get 29 and a remainder of 1. So it's the year of the Black Mouse or Water Mouse.

by 12 you get 29 and a remainder of 1. So it's the year of the Black Mouse or Water Mouse.

		Махбод Element	Өнгө	Colour				Жил Year
1	甲	木 модон wood	хөх	blue		1	子鼠	хулгана mouse
2	乙		хөхөгчин			2	丑牛	үхэр cattle
3	丙	火 гал fire	улаан	red		3	寅虎	бар tiger
4	丁		улаагчин			4	卯兔	туулай hare
5	戊	土 шороо earth	шар	yellow		5	辰龙	луу dragon
6	己		шарагчин			6	巳蛇	могой snake
7	庚	金 төмөр iron	цагаан	white		7	午马	морин horse
8	辛		цагаагчин			8	未羊	хонин sheep
9	壬	水 усан water	хар	black		9	申猴	бичин monkey
10	癸		харагчин			10	酉鸡	тахиа fowl
						11	戌狗	нохой dog
						12	亥猪	гахай pig

The historical 60-year Mongolian-Tibetan cycle (жар) starts with the year of the Red Hare in 1027. To find the cycle subtract 1026 and divide by 60. The quotient indicates how many full cycles have elapsed. The next integer is the current cycle. Add 1 to the remainder to get the number of the year in the cycle.


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